CaHbOcNd = Molecular Formula of Fragment ; a , b, c & d must be an positive integer or 0 (zero)
Use this calculator to predict the molecular fragment obtained in a Mass Spectra.
Relative Population of rotational energy states : Boltzmann Distribution Calculator
NJ = Number of molecule in J state ; N0 = Number of molecule in the ground state ( J= 0 ) ; KB =Bolzmann Constant ; T = Temperature ; B = Rotational Constant; h = Plank Constant ; x=Relative Population; c = Velocity of light ; J = Rotational Quantum Number
Beer -Lambert Law : Concentration, Path-length and Transmittance Calculator
T= Transmittance ; ε = Molar Absorption Coefficient ; c = Concentration ; l = Path Length
Beer -Lambert Law : Concentration, Path-length and Absorbance Calculator
A = Absorbance ; ε = Molar absorption coefficient , Molar absorptivity or Molar extinction coefficient ; c = Concentration ; l = Path Length
Allowed rotational energy level of rigid diatomic molecule
Ej = Rotational energy Level; I= Moment of Inertia; J= Rotational quantum number ; h = Plank's constant
Intensity and Absorbance
A = Absorbance ; Io = Intensity of the incident radiation ; I = Intensity of the transmitted radiation