Formula5:

begin mathsize 48px style r subscript s m a l l end subscript over r subscript b i g end subscript end style

rsmaller= Radius of the smaller ion (usually the Cation) ; rbigger = Radius of the bigger ion (usually the Anion)    

Formula5:

begin mathsize 48px style capital delta H space equals capital delta U space plus space P capital delta V space end style

ΔH= Enthalpy Change ; ΔU = (Ufinal - Uinitial) Internal Energy Change;  ΔV = (Vfinal - Vinitial)Volume Change;

Formula5:

begin mathsize 36px style I equals 1 half sum for i of c subscript i z subscript i squared space end style

I = Ionic Strength ; ci =  concentration of the ith ion ; zi = Charge of the ith ion

Formula5:

begin mathsize 36px style theta equals fraction numerator K subscript e q end subscript P over denominator 1 plus K subscript e q end subscript P end fraction end style

Keq = Equilibrium Constant of Adsorbtion;  P = Partial Pressure or Concentration of the absorbate;  θ = The fraction of adsorbent surface covered by adsorbate

Formula5:

begin mathsize 36px style C subscript a H subscript b O subscript c N subscript d end style

CaHbOcN= Molecular Formula of Fragment ; a , b, c & d must be an positive integer or 0 (zero) 

Use this calculator to predict the molecular fragment obtained in a Mass Spectra.

Formula5:

begin mathsize 48px style capital delta G to the power of o space equals space minus space R T ln left parenthesis K subscript e q end subscript right parenthesis space end style

ΔGo= Standard Free Energy Change ; R = Universal Gas Constant;  Keq = Equilibrium Constant; T= Temperature

Formula5:

begin mathsize 48px style capital delta G space equals capital delta H space minus space T capital delta S space end style

ΔG= Change in Gibb's Free Energy ; ΔH = Change in enthalpy;  ΔS = Change in Entropy; T= Temperature

Formula5:

 begin mathsize 36px style E equals fraction numerator n squared h squared over denominator 8 m L squared end fraction end style

E= Energy at the nth state; n = quantum number ; h= Plank's constant ; m = mass of the particle;   L= Box length 

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